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Psalm chapter 45

English Standard Version

1To the choirmaster: according to Lilies. A Maskil of the Sons of Korah; a love song. My heart overflows with a pleasing theme; I address my verses to the king; my tongue is like the pen of a ready scribe. 2You are the most handsome of the sons of men; grace is poured upon your lips; therefore God has blessed you forever. 3Gird your sword on your thigh, O mighty one, in your splendor and majesty! 4In your majesty ride out victoriously for the cause of truth and meekness and righteousness; let your right hand teach you awesome deeds! 5Your arrows are sharp in the heart of the king’s enemies; the peoples fall under you. 6Your throne, O God, is forever and ever. The scepter of your kingdom is a scepter of uprightness; 7you have loved righteousness and hated wickedness. Therefore God, your God, has anointed you with the oil of gladness beyond your companions; 8your robes are all fragrant with myrrh and aloes and cassia. From ivory palaces stringed instruments make you glad; 9daughters of kings are among your ladies of honor; at your right hand stands the queen in gold of Ophir. 10Hear, O daughter, and consider, and incline your ear: forget your people and your father’s house, 11and the king will desire your beauty. Since he is your lord, bow to him. 12The people of Tyre will seek your favor with gifts, the richest of the people. 13All glorious is the princess in her chamber, with robes interwoven with gold. 14In many-colored robes she is led to the king, with her virgin companions following behind her. 15With joy and gladness they are led along as they enter the palace of the king. 16In place of your fathers shall be your sons; you will make them princes in all the earth. 17I will cause your name to be remembered in all generations; therefore nations will praise you forever and ever.
New International Version

1For the director of music. To the tune of 'Lilies.' Of the Sons of Korah. A maskil. A wedding song. My heart is stirred by a noble theme as I recite my verses for the king; my tongue is the pen of a skillful writer.
2You are the most excellent of men and your lips have been anointed with grace, since God has blessed you forever. 3Gird your sword on your side, you mighty one; clothe yourself with splendor and majesty. 4In your majesty ride forth victoriously in the cause of truth, humility and justice; let your right hand achieve awesome deeds. 5Let your sharp arrows pierce the hearts of the king's enemies; let the nations fall beneath your feet. 6Your throne, O God, will last for ever and ever; a scepter of justice will be the scepter of your kingdom. 7You love righteousness and hate wickedness; therefore God, your God, has set you above your companions by anointing you with the oil of joy. 8All your robes are fragrant with myrrh and aloes and cassia; from palaces adorned with ivory the music of the strings makes you glad.
9Daughters of kings are among your honored women; at your right hand is the royal bride in gold of Ophir. 10Listen, daughter, and pay careful attention: Forget your people and your father's house. 11Let the king be enthralled by your beauty; honor him, for he is your lord. 12The city of Tyre will come with a gift, people of wealth will seek your favor. 13All glorious is the princess within her chamber; her gown is interwoven with gold. 14In embroidered garments she is led to the king; her virgin companions follow her-- those brought to be with her.
15Led in with joy and gladness, they enter the palace of the king.
16Your sons will take the place of your fathers; you will make them princes throughout the land. 17I will perpetuate your memory through all generations; therefore the nations will praise you for ever and ever.
New American Standard Bible

1My heart is moved with a good theme; I address my verses to the King; My tongue is the pen of a ready writer. 2You are the most handsome of the sons of mankind; Grace is poured upon Your lips; Therefore God has blessed You forever. 3Strap Your sword on Your thigh, Mighty One, In Your splendor and majesty! 4And in Your majesty ride on victoriously, For the cause of truth, humility, and righteousness; Let Your right hand teach You awesome things. 5Your arrows are sharp; The peoples fall under You; Your arrows are in the heart of the King’s enemies. 6Your throne, God, is forever and ever; The scepter of Your kingdom is a scepter of justice. 7You have loved righteousness and hated wickedness; Therefore God, Your God, has anointed You With the oil of joy above Your companions. 8All Your garments are fragrant with myrrh, aloes, and cassia; From ivory palaces stringed instruments have made You joyful. 9Kings’ daughters are among Your noble women; At Your right hand stands the queen in gold from Ophir. 10Listen, daughter, look and incline your ear: Forget your people and your father’s house; 11Then the King will crave your beauty. Because He is your Lord, bow down to Him. 12The daughter of Tyre will come with a gift; The wealthy among the people will seek your favor. 13The King’s daughter is all glorious within; Her clothing is interwoven with gold. 14She will be brought to the King in colorful garments; The virgins, her companions who follow her, Will be brought to You. 15They will be brought with joy and rejoicing; They will enter into the King’s palace. 16In place of your fathers will be your sons; You shall make them princes in all the earth. 17I will make Your name known among all generations; Therefore the peoples will praise You forever and ever.
Christian Standard Bible

1My heart is moved by a noble theme as I recite my verses to the king; my tongue is the pen of a skillful writer.
2You are the most handsome of men; grace flows from your lips. Therefore God has blessed you forever. 3Mighty warrior, strap your sword at your side. In your majesty and splendor -- 4in your splendor ride triumphantly in the cause of truth, humility, and justice. May your right hand show your awe-inspiring acts.
5Your sharpened arrows pierce the hearts of the king's enemies; the peoples fall under you. 6Your throne, God, is forever and ever; the scepter of your kingdom is a scepter of justice. 7You love righteousness and hate wickedness; therefore God, your God, has anointed you with the oil of joy more than your companions. 8Myrrh, aloes, and cassia perfume all your garments; from ivory palaces harps bring you joy.
9Kings' daughters are among your honored women; the queen, adorned with gold from Ophir, stands at your right hand. 10Listen, daughter, pay attention and consider: Forget your people and your father's house, 11and the king will desire your beauty. Bow down to him, for he is your lord.
12The daughter of Tyre, the wealthy people, will seek your favor with gifts. 13In her chamber, the royal daughter is all glorious, her clothing embroidered with gold. 14In colorful garments she is led to the king; after her, the virgins, her companions, are brought to you.
15They are led in with gladness and rejoicing; they enter the king's palace. 16Your sons will succeed your ancestors; you will make them princes throughout the land. 17I will cause your name to be remembered for all generations; therefore the peoples will praise you forever and ever.
New Living Translation

1 Beautiful words stir my heart. I will recite a lovely poem about the king, for my tongue is like the pen of a skillful poet.
2You are the most handsome of all. Gracious words stream from your lips. God himself has blessed you forever. 3Put on your sword, O mighty warrior! You are so glorious, so majestic! 4In your majesty, ride out to victory, defending truth, humility, and justice. Go forth to perform awe-inspiring deeds! 5Your arrows are sharp, piercing your enemies’ hearts. The nations fall beneath your feet.
6Your throne, O God, endures forever and ever. You rule with a scepter of justice. 7You love justice and hate evil. Therefore God, your God, has anointed you, pouring out the oil of joy on you more than on anyone else. 8Myrrh, aloes, and cassia perfume your robes. In ivory palaces the music of strings entertains you. 9Kings’ daughters are among your noble women. At your right side stands the queen, wearing jewelry of finest gold from Ophir!
10Listen to me, O royal daughter; take to heart what I say. Forget your people and your family far away. 11For your royal husband delights in your beauty; honor him, for he is your lord. 12The princess of Tyre will shower you with gifts. The wealthy will beg your favor. 13The bride, a princess, looks glorious in her golden gown. 14In her beautiful robes, she is led to the king, accompanied by her bridesmaids. 15What a joyful and enthusiastic procession as they enter the king’s palace!
16Your sons will become kings like their father. You will make them rulers over many lands. 17I will bring honor to your name in every generation. Therefore, the nations will praise you forever and ever.
King James Version

1{To the chief Musician upon Shoshannim, for the sons of Korah, Maschil, A Song of loves.} My heart is inditing a good matter: I speak of the things which I have made touching the king: my tongue is the pen of a ready writer. 2Thou art fairer than the children of men: grace is poured into thy lips: therefore God hath blessed thee for ever. 3Gird thy sword upon thy thigh, O most mighty, with thy glory and thy majesty. 4And in thy majesty ride prosperously because of truth and meekness and righteousness; and thy right hand shall teach thee terrible things. 5Thine arrows are sharp in the heart of the king's enemies; whereby the people fall under thee.
6Thy throne, O God, is for ever and ever: the sceptre of thy kingdom is a right sceptre. 7Thou lovest righteousness, and hatest wickedness: therefore God, thy God, hath anointed thee with the oil of gladness above thy fellows. 8All thy garments smell of myrrh, and aloes, and cassia, out of the ivory palaces, whereby they have made thee glad. 9Kings' daughters were among thy honourable women: upon thy right hand did stand the queen in gold of Ophir.
10Hearken, O daughter, and consider, and incline thine ear; forget also thine own people, and thy father's house; 11So shall the king greatly desire thy beauty: for he is thy Lord; and worship thou him. 12And the daughter of Tyre shall be there with a gift; even the rich among the people shall intreat thy favour. 13The king's daughter is all glorious within: her clothing is of wrought gold. 14She shall be brought unto the king in raiment of needlework: the virgins her companions that follow her shall be brought unto thee. 15With gladness and rejoicing shall they be brought: they shall enter into the king's palace. 16Instead of thy fathers shall be thy children, whom thou mayest make princes in all the earth. 17I will make thy name to be remembered in all generations: therefore shall the people praise thee for ever and ever.

What does Psalm chapter 45 mean?

Though no specific occasion is mentioned, this song appears to be for a wedding. And yet, some of the phrases create a preview of the ministry of Jesus Christ. Verses 6 and 7 are directly cited in Hebrews 1:8–9. Though the psalmist is speaking about an earthly king, he is also recording insights into the ultimate King, the Messiah.

The opening title of this psalm addresses it to a musical leader of some kind. It also notes the Hebrew word sō'sannim, or "lilies," possibly referring to the tune to which it was sung. As are several other psalms, this is identified as a maskiyl, probably meaning a pensive song. The "Sons of Korah" were influential in worship in the temple during the era of David and Solomon.

The psalm opens with gushing praise for the king, apparently on the occasion of his wedding. The writer applauds the king's attractiveness, poise, might, and military prowess. Some of these are framed as "hyperbole:" a deliberate exaggeration for effect. Just as a modern love song might call someone "the most beautiful in the world," so too does the psalmist compliment the king. So far as messianic prophecies are concerned, most of these could apply to Jesus, other than exceptional attractiveness (Isaiah 53:2). The following segment, however, is a much closer description of the Messiah (Psalm 45:1–5).

In the book of Hebrews, part of this psalm is cited, to point out that the Promised One is not an angel, but an earthly king who is also God (Hebrews 1:8–9). The king is depicted in incredible splendor, followed by attendants who also radiate beauty. This parallels the Bible's frequent use of marriage images when depicting God's relationship with Israel and Christ's relationship to the church (Isaiah 54:5; Hosea 2:19; John 3:29; Revelation 21:9; 22:17). The psalmist also encourages loyalty and honor for the king, an appropriate echo of believers showing reverence to their King Jesus (Psalm 45:6–15).

At the end of the psalm, the writer makes further references to concepts such as sonship, ruling, remembrance, and the praise of all nations. These, as well, resonate with the Bible's predictions about the ministry of Jesus Christ (Psalm 45:16–17).
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