What does John 18:23 mean?
Nobody likes to have their sin exposed (John 3:19–20). Responses usually include rage against the person who points out the wrongdoing (Proverbs 9:8; 29:9). Power tends to make people arrogant; this leads some authority figures to expect a worshipful attitude from others. That Jesus did not shrink in the face of the high priest, but dared to challenge his actions, was enough to inspire a hateful response.Jesus has been improperly accused, without evidence, and ordered to explain Himself (John 18:19). His initial response was to declare the hypocrisy of His accusers, who already knew exactly what He was teaching (John 18:20). He also challenged them to provide evidence of wrongdoing (John 18:21). Someone nearby lost their temper and slapped Him (John 18:22).
The remark made here reiterates that Jesus' accusers have no evidence against Him. If they did, they would have been able to "bear witness about the wrong." Simply defending Himself by pointing out that there is no evidence is not worthy of assault. If there was reason to say He was guilty, it would have been given—lashing out in violence is simply more proof that the accusers have no rational case against Jesus.
John 18:19–24 begins a series of dishonest hearings led by Jewish religious leaders. The person leading the interrogation is Annas, the "true" high priest, though his son-in-law Caiaphas is Rome's current appointee. Much as a courtroom prosecutor might ask an accused to explain their actions, the high priest gives Jesus an opportunity to confess what He has taught. Yet, as Jesus points out, everyone there already knows what He has been teaching. Additional details of this sham trial are found in Matthew 26:59–68, Mark 14:55–65 and Luke 22:63–71.
Jesus is secretly, quietly arrested in the garden of Gethsemane and taken to a series of sham trials before Jewish leadership. This leads to His encounter with the local Roman governor. Jesus accepts being described as "King" but denies that His current purpose is earthly rule. A mob assembled by Jesus' enemies reject Pilate's attempt to free Jesus. In the meantime, Peter fulfills Christ's prophecy about a three-fold denial.