What does John chapter 3 mean?
The third chapter of John contains two related stories. First, Jesus is visited at night by a Pharisee, Nicodemus, who is curious about His teachings. Afterwards, John the Baptist explains why he's content to see his own ministry fade into the background. This chapter contains the most recognizable verse in the entire Bible, John 3:16. This one-sentence summary of the gospel is the most famous portion of Christian Scripture, and probably the most often-memorized and often-quoted portion of any holy text in human history.As is typical of the gospel of John, chapter three begins with an abrupt contrast. Chapter 2 ended with Jesus passionately, publicly driving corrupt businessmen out of the Temple, in broad daylight. Chapter 3 begins with a quiet, private nighttime conversation. Chapter 4 will transition again, from the respected, educated, self-assured Nicodemus to the outcast, uneducated, immoral woman at the well. John uses contrasts often, to remind us that Jesus meets every person exactly where, and how, they most need to be met.
Nicodemus was not just a devout Pharisee, but also one of only 70 members of the Sanhedrin religious court. He would have been highly influential in religion, politics, and wealth. So, Nicodemus was the equivalent of a modern politician, celebrity preacher, and wealthy businessman all rolled into one. He may have come at night so he wouldn't be seen with Jesus. Or, so that he could speak to Him without an interfering crowd.
Their conversation partly involves Jesus taking some wind out of Nicodemus' sails. Nicodemus recognizes that Jesus' miracles are proofs of His divine mission. And yet, he struggles with Jesus' description of spiritual rebirth. Christ explains that one must be "born again" —a person must express saving faith, in order to be saved. Jesus gently teases Nicodemus, saying a "teacher of Israel" ought to know these things. Christ also points out that those who resist mundane ideas about God will never accept deeper, more spiritual ideas.
Verses 16–21 summarize the entire gospel. God loved man enough to send His Son to save them, but those who reject Jesus are condemned. Ultimately, those who are lost loved their sin more than they desired God. These verses also form a bridge between Nicodemus' visit and an argument between the followers of John the Baptist and an unnamed Jewish leader. More than likely, this was Nicodemus. The argument involves the same topic, purification, which he had just been discussing with Jesus.
Jesus is attracting far more followers than John the Baptist, who isn't concerned. In fact, he is happy. The Baptist's mission was to point people towards Christ. As believers, we often struggle with pride and jealousy. Instead, we should be happy when our efforts cause people to praise God.
This is the first of Nicodemus' three appearances in the gospel of John. He is part of the Sanhedrin court which convicts Jesus of blasphemy (John 7:50–51). After Jesus' death, He appears to have become a believer. He assists in Jesus' burial, donating the required embalming materials (John 19:38–42). Not all Pharisees were hardened hypocrites, and the presence of men such as Nicodemus and Joseph of Arimathea (Matthew 27:57; Mark 15:43; Luke 23:50–51; Luke 2:25–38) prove it.