2 Samuel 24:10
ESV
But David 's heart struck him after he had numbered the people. And David said to the Lord, "I have sinned greatly in what I have done. But now, O Lord, please take away the iniquity of your servant, for I have done very foolishly."
NIV
David was conscience-stricken after he had counted the fighting men, and he said to the Lord, "I have sinned greatly in what I have done. Now, Lord, I beg you, take away the guilt of your servant. I have done a very foolish thing."
NASB
Now David’s heart troubled him after he had counted the people. So David said to the Lord, 'I have sinned greatly in what I have done. But now, Lord, please overlook the guilt of Your servant, for I have acted very foolishly.'
CSB
David’s conscience troubled him after he had taken a census of the troops. He said to the Lord, "I have sinned greatly in what I’ve done. Now, Lord, because I’ve been very foolish, please take away your servant’s guilt."
NLT
But after he had taken the census, David’s conscience began to bother him. And he said to the Lord, 'I have sinned greatly by taking this census. Please forgive my guilt, Lord, for doing this foolish thing.'
KJV
And David's heart smote him after that he had numbered the people. And David said unto the Lord, I have sinned greatly in that I have done: and now, I beseech thee, O Lord, take away the iniquity of thy servant; for I have done very foolishly.
NKJV
And David’s heart condemned him after he had numbered the people. So David said to the Lord, “I have sinned greatly in what I have done; but now, I pray, O Lord, take away the iniquity of Your servant, for I have done very foolishly.”
What does 2 Samuel 24:10 mean?
The text doesn't say what Israel has done, simply saying that God is mad. He wants to punish the nation. For some reason, His plan involves inciting David to sin and then making the punishment kingdom-wide. God allows Satan to incite David to take a census of the fighting men in all Israel. Joab and the generals object, but David's order stands (2 Samuel 24:1–4; 1 Chronicles 21:1).Once Joab arrives with the results of the census, David realizes his sin. David claims he has acted "foolishly." Theologically, to be foolish is to deny God (Psalm 14:1). This may be evidence that David forgot God is Israel's protector, and he commanded the census to make sure his army was strong enough to protect the nation against enemies. If that's the case, the psalms David wrote to extol God's provision and protection are all the sweeter (2 Samuel 22:2—23:7).
On the other hand, "foolish" could mean sinful and unwise.
Scholars also posit that the census was wrong because David did it for tax purposes. He may have wanted to collect money to appease God for whatever sin the Israelites had committed. Or, he may have wanted to accumulate supplies for the temple construction (Exodus 30:11–16). If either is the case, David did so without God's permission.
This is the second of two major sins David commits, and they both follow the same pattern. David wants something sinful and implicates a reluctant Joab (2 Samuel 11:2–21). God allows David to realize the extent of his sin and repent (2 Samuel 12:13). God punishes David in a way that also hurts those around him. In the case of David's sin against Bathsheba and Uriah, God orchestrated the deaths of three of his sons and allowed one to start a civil war. In the case of the census, thousands of Israelite men die of a plague (2 Samuel 24:15). God is gracious, but He also disciplines those He loves.
First Chronicles 21 has another statement before this verse: "But God was displeased with this thing, and he struck Israel." It doesn't mean that God struck Israel before David repented. It's a summary statement that covers 1 Chronicles 21:8–17 (2 Samuel 24:10–17).
