2 Samuel chapter 8
English Standard Version
3David also defeated Hadadezer the son of Rehob, king of Zobah, as he went to restore his power at the river Euphrates. 4And David took from him 1,700 horsemen, and 20,000 foot soldiers. And David hamstrung all the chariot horses but left enough for 100 chariots. 5And when the Syrians of Damascus came to help Hadadezer king of Zobah, David struck down 22,000 men of the Syrians. 6Then David put garrisons in Aram of Damascus, and the Syrians became servants to David and brought tribute. And the Lord gave victory to David wherever he went. 7And David took the shields of gold that were carried by the servants of Hadadezer and brought them to Jerusalem. 8And from Betah and from Berothai, cities of Hadadezer, King David took very much bronze.
9When Toi king of Hamath heard that David had defeated the whole army of Hadadezer, 10Toi sent his son Joram to King David, to ask about his health and to bless him because he had fought against Hadadezer and defeated him, for Hadadezer had often been at war with Toi. And Joram brought with him articles of silver, of gold, and of bronze. 11These also King David dedicated to the Lord, together with the silver and gold that he dedicated from all the nations he subdued, 12from Edom, Moab, the Ammonites, the Philistines, Amalek, and from the spoil of Hadadezer the son of Rehob, king of Zobah.
13And David made a name for himself when he returned from striking down 18,000 Edomites in the Valley of Salt. 14Then he put garrisons in Edom; throughout all Edom he put garrisons, and all the Edomites became David 's servants. And the Lord gave victory to David wherever he went.
15So David reigned over all Israel. And David administered justice and equity to all his people. 16Joab the son of Zeruiah was over the army, and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was recorder, 17and Zadok the son of Ahitub and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar were priests, and Seraiah was secretary, 18and Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over the Cherethites and the Pelethites, and David 's sons were priests.
New International Version
3Moreover, David defeated Hadadezer son of Rehob, king of Zobah, when he went to restore his monument at the Euphrates River. 4David captured a thousand of his chariots, seven thousand charioteers and twenty thousand foot soldiers. He hamstrung all but a hundred of the chariot horses.
5When the Arameans of Damascus came to help Hadadezer king of Zobah, David struck down twenty-two thousand of them. 6He put garrisons in the Aramean kingdom of Damascus, and the Arameans became subject to him and brought tribute. The Lord gave David victory wherever he went.
7David took the gold shields that belonged to the officers of Hadadezer and brought them to Jerusalem. 8From Tebah and Berothai, towns that belonged to Hadadezer, King David took a great quantity of bronze.
9When Tou king of Hamath heard that David had defeated the entire army of Hadadezer, 10he sent his son Joram to King David to greet him and congratulate him on his victory in battle over Hadadezer, who had been at war with Tou. Joram brought with him articles of silver, of gold and of bronze.
11King David dedicated these articles to the Lord, as he had done with the silver and gold from all the nations he had subdued: 12Edom and Moab, the Ammonites and the Philistines, and Amalek. He also dedicated the plunder taken from Hadadezer son of Rehob, king of Zobah.
15David reigned over all Israel, doing what was just and right for all his people. 16Joab son of Zeruiah was over the army; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was recorder; 17Zadok son of Ahitub and Ahimelek son of Abiathar were priests; Seraiah was secretary; 18Benaiah son of Jehoiada was over the Kerethites and Pelethites; and David’s sons were priests.
New American Standard Bible
3Then David defeated Hadadezer, the son of Rehob king of Zobah, as he went to restore his power at the Euphrates River. 4And David captured from him 1,700 horsemen and twenty thousand foot soldiers; and David hamstrung almost all the chariot horses, but left enough of them for a hundred chariots. 5When the Arameans of Damascus came to help Hadadezer, king of Zobah, David killed twenty-two thousand men among the Arameans. 6Then David put garrisons among the Arameans of Damascus, and the Arameans became servants to David, bringing tribute. And the Lord helped David wherever he went. 7David took the shields of gold which were carried by the servants of Hadadezer, and brought them to Jerusalem. 8And from Betah and Berothai, cities of Hadadezer, King David took a very large amount of bronze.
9Now when Toi king of Hamath heard that David had defeated the whole army of Hadadezer, 10Toi sent his son Joram to King David to greet him and bless him, because he had fought Hadadezer and defeated him; for Hadadezer had been at war with Toi. And Joram brought with him articles of silver, gold, and bronze. 11King David also consecrated these gifts to the Lord, with the silver and gold that he had consecrated from all the nations which he had subdued: 12from Aram, Moab, the sons of Ammon, the Philistines, Amalek, and from the spoils of Hadadezer, son of Rehob, king of Zobah.
13So David made a name for himself when he returned from killing eighteen thousand Arameans in the Valley of Salt. 14He also put garrisons in Edom. In all Edom he put garrisons, and all the Edomites became servants to David. And the Lord helped David wherever he went.
15So David reigned over all Israel; and David administered justice and righteousness for all his people. 16Joab the son of Zeruiah was commander over the army, and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was secretary. 17Zadok the son of Ahitub and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar were priests, and Seraiah was scribe. 18Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over the Cherethites and the Pelethites; and David’s sons were chief ministers.
Christian Standard Bible
1After this, David defeated the Philistines, subdued them, and took Metheg-ammah from Philistine control. 2He also defeated the Moabites, and after making them lie down on the ground, he measured them off with a cord. He measured every two cord lengths of those to be put to death and one full length of those to be kept alive. So the Moabites became David’s subjects and brought tribute.
3David also defeated Hadadezer son of Rehob, king of Zobah, when he went to restore his control at the Euphrates River. 4David captured seventeen hundred horsemen and twenty thousand foot soldiers from him, and he hamstrung all the horses and kept a hundred chariots.
5When the Arameans of Damascus came to assist King Hadadezer of Zobah, David struck down twenty-two thousand Aramean men. 6Then he placed garrisons in Aram of Damascus, and the Arameans became David’s subjects and brought tribute. The Lord made David victorious wherever he went.
7David took the gold shields of Hadadezer’s officers and brought them to Jerusalem. 8King David also took huge quantities of bronze from Betah and Berothai, Hadadezer’s cities.
9When King Toi of Hamath heard that David had defeated the entire army of Hadadezer, 10he sent his son Joram to King David to greet him and to congratulate him because David had fought against Hadadezer and defeated him, for Toi and Hadadezer had fought many wars. Joram had items of silver, gold, and bronze with him. 11King David also dedicated these to the Lord, along with the silver and gold he had dedicated from all the nations he had subdued — 12from Edom, Moab, the Ammonites, the Philistines, the Amalekites, and the spoil of Hadadezer son of Rehob, king of Zobah.
New Living Translation
1After this, David defeated and subdued the Philistines by conquering Gath, their largest town. 2David also conquered the land of Moab. He made the people lie down on the ground in a row, and he measured them off in groups with a length of rope. He measured off two groups to be executed for every one group to be spared. The Moabites who were spared became David’s subjects and paid him tribute money.
3David also destroyed the forces of Hadadezer son of Rehob, king of Zobah, when Hadadezer marched out to strengthen his control along the Euphrates River. 4David captured 1,000 chariots, 7,000 charioteers, and 20,000 foot soldiers. He crippled all the chariot horses except enough for 100 chariots.
5When Arameans from Damascus arrived to help King Hadadezer, David killed 22,000 of them. 6Then he placed several army garrisons in Damascus, the Aramean capital, and the Arameans became David’s subjects and paid him tribute money. So the Lord made David victorious wherever he went.
7David brought the gold shields of Hadadezer’s officers to Jerusalem, 8along with a large amount of bronze from Hadadezer’s towns of Tebah and Berothai.
9When King Toi of Hamath heard that David had destroyed the entire army of Hadadezer, 10he sent his son Joram to congratulate King David for his successful campaign. Hadadezer and Toi had been enemies and were often at war. Joram presented David with many gifts of silver, gold, and bronze.
11King David dedicated all these gifts to the Lord, as he did with the silver and gold from the other nations he had defeated — 12from Edom, Moab, Ammon, Philistia, and Amalek — and from Hadadezer son of Rehob, king of Zobah.
13So David became even more famous when he returned from destroying 18,000 Edomites in the Valley of Salt. 14He placed army garrisons throughout Edom, and all the Edomites became David’s subjects. In fact, the Lord made David victorious wherever he went.
15So David reigned over all Israel and did what was just and right for all his people. 16Joab son of Zeruiah was commander of the army. Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was the royal historian. 17Zadok son of Ahitub and Ahimelech son of Abiathar were the priests. Seraiah was the court secretary. 18Benaiah son of Jehoiada was captain of the king’s bodyguard. And David’s sons served as priestly leaders.
King James Version
1And after this it came to pass, that David smote the Philistines, and subdued them: and David took Methegammah out of the hand of the Philistines. 2And he smote Moab, and measured them with a line, casting them down to the ground; even with two lines measured he to put to death, and with one full line to keep alive. And so the Moabites became David's servants, and brought gifts. 3David smote also Hadadezer, the son of Rehob, king of Zobah, as he went to recover his border at the river Euphrates. 4And David took from him a thousand chariots, and seven hundred horsemen, and twenty thousand footmen: and David houghed all the chariot horses, but reserved of them for an hundred chariots. 5And when the Syrians of Damascus came to succour Hadadezer king of Zobah, David slew of the Syrians two and twenty thousand men. 6Then David put garrisons in Syria of Damascus: and the Syrians became servants to David, and brought gifts. And the Lord preserved David whithersoever he went. 7And David took the shields of gold that were on the servants of Hadadezer, and brought them to Jerusalem. 8And from Betah, and from Berothai, cities of Hadadezer, king David took exceeding much brass.
9When Toi king of Hamath heard that David had smitten all the host of Hadadezer, 10Then Toi sent Joram his son unto king David, to salute him, and to bless him, because he had fought against Hadadezer, and smitten him: for Hadadezer had wars with Toi. And Joram brought with him vessels of silver, and vessels of gold, and vessels of brass: 11Which also king David did dedicate unto the Lord, with the silver and gold that he had dedicated of all nations which he subdued; 12Of Syria, and of Moab, and of the children of Ammon, and of the Philistines, and of Amalek, and of the spoil of Hadadezer, son of Rehob, king of Zobah.
13And David gat him a name when he returned from smiting of the Syrians in the valley of salt, being eighteen thousand men. 14And he put garrisons in Edom; throughout all Edom put he garrisons, and all they of Edom became David's servants. And the Lord preserved David whithersoever he went. 15And David reigned over all Israel; and David executed judgment and justice unto all his people. 16And Joab the son of Zeruiah was over the host; and Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was recorder; 17And Zadok the son of Ahitub, and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar, were the priests; and Seraiah was the scribe; 18And Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over both the Cherethites and the Pelethites; and David's sons were chief rulers.
New King James Version
3David also defeated Hadadezer the son of Rehob, king of Zobah, as he went to recover his territory at the River Euphrates. 4David took from him one thousand chariots, seven hundred horsemen, and twenty thousand foot soldiers. Also David hamstrung all the chariot horses, except that he spared enough of them for one hundred chariots.
5When the Syrians of Damascus came to help Hadadezer king of Zobah, David killed twenty-two thousand of the Syrians. 6Then David put garrisons in Syria of Damascus; and the Syrians became David’s servants, and brought tribute. So the Lord preserved David wherever he went. 7And David took the shields of gold that had belonged to the servants of Hadadezer, and brought them to Jerusalem. 8Also from Betah and from Berothai, cities of Hadadezer, King David took a large amount of bronze.
9When Toi king of Hamath heard that David had defeated all the army of Hadadezer, 10then Toi sent Joram his son to King David, to greet him and bless him, because he had fought against Hadadezer and defeated him (for Hadadezer had been at war with Toi); and Joram brought with him articles of silver, articles of gold, and articles of bronze. 11King David also dedicated these to the Lord, along with the silver and gold that he had dedicated from all the nations which he had subdued— 12from Syria, from Moab, from the people of Ammon, from the Philistines, from Amalek, and from the spoil of Hadadezer the son of Rehob, king of Zobah.
13And David made himself a name when he returned from killing eighteen thousand Syrians in the Valley of Salt. 14He also put garrisons in Edom; throughout all Edom he put garrisons, and all the Edomites became David’s servants. And the Lord preserved David wherever he went.
15So David reigned over all Israel; and David administered judgment and justice to all his people. 16Joab the son of Zeruiah was over the army; Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was recorder; 17Zadok the son of Ahitub and Ahimelech the son of Abiathar were the priests; Seraiah was the scribe; 18Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over both the Cherethites and the Pelethites; and David’s sons were chief ministers.
What does 2 Samuel chapter 8 mean?
David relies fully on God, and God promises to bless him. After David brings the ark of the covenant—the symbol of God's presence—to Jerusalem (2 Samuel 6), God promises him an eternal kingdom, a prophecy Jesus will fulfill when He rules on David's throne (2 Samuel 7:12–16). God also promises peace for David's kingdom (2 Samuel 7:10–11). Solomon's reign will offer glimpses of this peace, but it begins with David's God-empowered victories over Israel's enemies.Second Samuel 8 summarizes the early military victories of David's reign. The Israelites expand into the lands God intended for them, and exact tribute and service from their defeated foes.
The Philistines to the west had plagued Israel for years. Twice they attacked David after he became king over a unified Israel. Twice he defeated them (2 Samuel 5:17–25). Now David subdues them completely, taking "Metheg-ammah," an unidentified territory, from their control (2 Samuel 8:1).
Next, David conquers Moab, one of Israel's oldest enemies. Descended from Abraham's nephew Lot, the Moabites live east of the Dead Sea. Israel kills two-thirds of the men, leaving the remaining third to live under Israel's authority and pay tribute (2 Samuel 8:2).
The central section of the chapter focuses on David's defeat of Hadadezer, the king of Zobah, a powerful Aramean kingdom in the region of Syria. David captures thousands of foot soldiers, along with chariot drivers and their horses. David orders all but a hundred of the horses hamstrung. This lets the horses live, and do productive work, but prevents them from being useful in war. Israel also kills many thousands of Syrians when they arrive to try to help their allies from Zobah (2 Samuel 8:3–5).
With the land secure, David stations garrisons in the Aramean territory of Damascus. He takes their golden shields and large quantities of bronze from the cities of Betah and Berothai (2 Samuel 8:6–8).
Hamath welcomes David's victory over Zobah, their long-time enemies. King Toi of Hamath sends his son to Jerusalem with gold, silver, and bronze to seal an alliance. David dedicates these metals to the Lord, along with the plunder from Edom, Moab, Ammon, Amalek, and the Philistines (2 Samuel 8:9–12).
Finally, David defeats the Edomites at the Valley of Salt, where David's army kills many thousands of enemy soldiers. David also establishes Israelite garrisons throughout Edom to maintain control of the trade routes and the territory (2 Samuel 8:13–14).
The chapter concludes with a list of the highest officeholders in Israel at the time. David, the king, administers justice for all the people. Joab commands the army. Jehoshaphat serves as recorder, and Seraiah as secretary. Zadok and Ahimelech are chief priests. Benaiah, son of Jehoiada, leads the Cherethites and Pelethites: non-Israelite mercenaries who serve as David's personal guard. David's sons are advisors (2 Samuel 8:15–18).
First Chronicles 18:1–17 also records these events. In Psalm 60, David used these conflicts to teach others how to call on God before and during battle.
