What does John 3:17 mean?

Verse 17 is a peaceful footnote to John 3:16. Jesus' earthly ministry, His "first coming" to earth, was for the purpose of saving people, not condemning them. In fact, mankind is sinful and all people are condemned for their sin (John 3:18). Those who don't believe will remain in that condition. According to the Bible, God doesn't want to see anyone destroyed (Ezekiel 18:23–32). Rather, He would prefer that everyone be saved (2 Peter 3:9; 1 Timothy 2:4). However, for His own reasons, God seems to give us the dignity of our choices. How that allowance coordinates with His sovereignty and election (Ephesians 1:5; Romans 9:11) is the subject of much debate.

This salvation is offered to "the world," a phrase this verse uses three times. This is from the Greek root word kosmos, which sometimes refers to the God-hating system of human society. In this context, however, it means "all people." The meanings overlap in this case. The people Christ died for were—and are—sinners naturally separated from Him (Romans 5:12).

This verse also reiterates idea that salvation is through Christ, and nothing else (John 14:6). The offer of salvation is for everyone, but only those who accept it will be saved (John 3:36). Jesus' first coming was a humble work offering salvation; His second coming will bring eternal judgment (Revelation 19:11–16).