What does Isaiah 16:4 mean?
Isaiah's oracle is pointing forward to a time after the destruction of Moab (Isaiah 15). At this time, the surviving refugees will send a messenger to Judah (Isaiah 16:1–2) to request that they be allowed to shelter there until it is safe to return to Moab (Isaiah 16:3–4). The request becomes more direct here. The survivors bluntly ask Judah if they can dwell among them. They are asking for sanctuary from the "destroyer," likely the Assyrian army. It's as simple as that. Will Judah allow the remnant of Moab to hide in their territory from the Assyrians?According to most modern conservative commentators, the following verse makes a surprising reference to the Messiah (Isaiah 16:5). The Moabite speaker, who is making the request of Judah, begins here by looking to a time when the oppressor has been defeated and destruction has stopped. He refers to the Assyrians as the one who "tramples underfoot." In other words, the Assyrian war machine ran over everyone in its path. This leader of Moab understands that even the Assyrians' time will end. He looks forward to what is to happen after that comes to pass.
Isaiah 16:1–14 begins with an official request to settle in Judah, spoken by Moabite refugees. This request is followed by a declaration that a descendant of David will establish the throne of Israel with love and righteousness when the oppressor is no more. Isaiah points to the arrogance of Moab regarding their abundance. This pride will be shown to be empty talk since it can be taken away in a night. Isaiah calls everyone to wail for Moab's losses and weep for the end of the grape harvest and its products. He reveals the judgment will fall in three years.
The refugees of Moab send a tribute to Jerusalem and make an official request to shelter in Judah due to the oppression of the enemy in their own land. After the oppressor is no more, the throne of the Messiah will be established in Israel. Moab's pride and arrogance about their abundance are revealed to be empty talk since it can all be taken away in a night. Isaiah calls everyone to wail and mourn for the suffering of Moab. He weeps for the loss of the grape harvest. The prophet announces this judgement will happen in three years.