What does Daniel 11:40 mean?

An extensive prophecy (Daniel 10:1) was given to Daniel in 536 BC. While all the events predicted in this chapter were in the future to Daniel, most occurred between the fourth and second centuries BC. However, Daniel's predictions seemed to pivot in Daniel 11:36; the events after this point do not appear to have occurred yet. This verse uses the phrase "the time of the end" which suggests the very last days before God's final judgment. Most interpreters believe this part of Scripture is depicting events yet in our future: during the "end times." Some suggest that the emphasis on "the end" means the later phase of that part of history.

In this segment, Daniel describes some type of ruler noted for arrogance and bribery, who divides earth with the help of another powerful being (Daniel 11:37–39). The exact identity of this figure is unclear, but other prophetic passages in the Old Testament provide insight into the events being described.

In earlier verses, the concepts of "north" and "south" were applied to the Seleucid and Egyptian Empires. The nation of Egypt still exists, as of this writing, and so might be the one to attack at some point in the end times. However, an upcoming verse will explicitly mention Egypt (Daniel 11:42), so it might not be the nation at issue in this verse.

As of today, the Seleucid Empire no longer exists. Many interpreters believe the prediction written here corresponds to some other nation. Among the most common suggestions is Russia. That would correspond to Russia's global influence and ability to attract allies. The book of Ezekiel implies an attack from the north featuring a large coalition of enemies (Ezekiel 38:4, 11–15). This would correspond to this verse and its suggestion of a large, powerful force. Joel chapter 2 also depicts a powerful invading army (Joel 2:2) coming from the north (Joel 2:20).