What does Daniel 11:12 mean?

Daniel is hearing predictions of the future from an angel (Daniel 10:1; 11:2). As compared to other prophecies, these are straightforward and literal, rather than heavily symbolic. History provides further details of the events which occurred several centuries after being recorded. Among these was the massive battle of Raphia (Daniel 11:10–11), fought at the southern edge of what is today known as the Gaza Strip. This verse notes that the battle claimed many thousands of Seleucid lives, as Egypt won a decisive victory. But the "king of the south," Ptolemy IV Philopator, let that success cloud his judgment.

Non-biblical ancient writings, such as the Third Book of Maccabees, suggest Philopator attempted to enter the Holy of Holies (Exodus 26:33–34; Hebrews 9:2–4) in the temple at Jerusalem, but was supernaturally blocked. According to the story, he returned to Egypt and planned to publicly execute Jews, but the elephants he ordered to attack turned on his own men, instead. Whether or not these events happened, historians agree that Ptolemaic Egypt did not press their advantage after the battle of Raphia.

Over the next several years, Antiochus the Great waged successful campaigns to the east, expanding his military power and wealth before his death (Daniel 11:13–19).