What does Matthew 16:10 mean?

The disciples are concerned about bread—so much so that they misinterpret a spiritual metaphor from Jesus (Matthew 16:5–9). His frustration comes due to two events which should be fresh in their minds. Twice, Christ fed thousands of people from just a few loaves of bread. He mentioned the first event in the previous verse (Matthew 14:13–21) and now mentions the second, which likely took place only days earlier (Matthew 15:32–39). In both, the disciples saw Jesus feed thousands of men, women, and children from barely enough food for a single meal. In fact, the disciples were not only present, they distributed the food and collected many baskets of leftovers.

Jesus' rhetorical question is likely one He had often, for both His earliest followers and those who claim His name today: Why are you worrying about bread when I am with you? He called the disciples men of little faith and His meaning is clear. They are missing truths He wants to teach, because they are preoccupied with simple needs and personal failures. How often have any of us done something painfully similar?