What does Luke 20:27 mean?
Modern Judaism involves multiple groups with widely varied beliefs. The same was also true in Jesus' era; during His earthly ministry He interacted with various political and religious perspectives depending on the faction involved. However, most of Jesus' recorded interactions are with a particular group: the Pharisees, along with their Old Testament lawyers, called "scribes." In that time, Pharisees could be found wherever Jewish people lived. They used their piety to win the approval of the common people. The Pharisees followed the Mosaic law plus a set of regulations written after the Babylonian captivity. This "Oral Law" claims to clarify—and expand—the Law of Moses. Pharisees did not approve of Rome's occupation of Judea but were too jealous of Jesus' popularity to trust Him to free the Jews. Among their spiritual beliefs was resurrection of the dead: that faithful Jews of years gone by would one day enjoy God's blessings.Other than the most basic aspects of Judaism, the Sadducees were opposites of the Pharisees. They lived primarily in and around the urban environment of Jerusalem. Sadducees followed the five books of Moses, but no other Old Testament writings. They had no use for the Pharisees' extra-biblical Oral Law. They considered Pharisees an unreasonably progressive group. Spiritually, Sadducees were much more worldly and utilitarian. They did not accept the resurrection of the dead nor the immortality of the soul. Their sect was friendly with the occupying Romans because of the financial benefits. Scholars believe most of the priests in Jesus' era were Sadducees.
This chapter began with local leaders challenging Jesus' authority to clear merchants and money changers from the Court of the Gentiles. Part of their motive was to discredit Him in front of the crowd; Jesus knew this and reversed the trap, presenting a dilemma that threatened to turn the crowd against His critics. Then He told a parable warning that His enemies were going to kill the Son of God and face judgment (Luke 20:1–18).
Next, priests and Pharisees (Matthew 22:15) tried to trick Jesus. They tried to force a decision between two terrible options. First was appearing to revere the pagan emperor; this would make Him break the Mosaic law. The other was honoring Moses while appearing to violate Roman law. Jesus defused the challenge by explaining that Jews needed to follow both non-conflicting obligations (Luke 20:19–26).
The Sadducees have seen religious and legal traps fail. So, they try something theological. They provide a scenario that seems to say that if the resurrection of the dead is true, women will have multiple husbands in eternity. Jesus disputes the foundation of their argument—as there is no marriage in eternity—and then uses the words of God as recorded by Moses to prove that death is not the end (Luke 20:28–40).
