What does Luke chapter 17 mean?
In the section sometimes called "Jesus' Travelogue to Jerusalem" (Luke 9:51—19:27), Jesus prepares the disciples. They must be ready to witness His death and resurrection and then build the church. That building process requires teaching believers about the kingdom of God: the influence, power, and authority of God in creation. Jesus' first coming—His birth—inaugurated the kingdom, and His work will be completely fulfilled at His second coming. Until then, it will be the work of His disciples to live as citizens and ambassadors of that kingdom. They are to invite others in so they can live lives glorifying God and experiencing His love and presence in eternity. Luke 17 lists several responsibilities expected of those who live in God's kingdom: proper understanding of sin, faith, humble service, thanks, and watchfulness.The travelogue is notoriously difficult to organize. However, Luke 16:1—17:10 seem to detail behaviors which do not reflect kingdom living. Luke 17:11—18:34 is the third of four groupings that start with a miracle and continue with more general teachings about the kingdom. These teachings are not necessarily presented in strict chronological order; if Luke found an event or a lesson that matched a passage's theme, he had no problem inserting it. The "orderly account" Luke promised Theophilus is often thematic, not always chronological (Luke 1:1–4).
In Luke 17:1–10, Jesus corrects thoughts and behaviors inconsistent with being citizens of God's kingdom. He is especially focused on leadership. First, He speaks about the disciples' responsibilities regarding others' sin. Their teaching must never tempt someone. They must confront others about their sin. They must forgive everyone who sincerely repents no matter how often (Luke 17:1–4). As if such responsibilities are too difficult, Jesus corrects the disciples' understanding of the power of their faith. Their ability to serve the kingdom is not dependent on the size of their faith but on the God in whom they have faith (Luke 17:5–6). Finally, Jesus again reminds the disciples that they are servants. Following Him does not mean using Him or their positions for their own gain (Luke 17:7–10).
Luke 17:11–19 begins a section which includes a series of comparisons. Ten lepers maintain a respectful distance while begging Jesus to heal them. He sends them off to the priests: a necessary step for someone to be declared healed. As they go, they realize they are all healed, but only one man, a Samaritan, returns to thank Jesus. Jesus praises his faith.
In Luke 17:20–37, Jesus makes several comparisons regarding reactions to the kingdom of God. Pharisees still look for God's kingdom while Jesus' followers know better. They realize His ministry is the in-breaking of the kingdom on earth. There will be a day when His disciples long for Him, and false prophets will come to proclaim false messiahs. But Jesus will return with flashes of lightning across the sky. First He will suffer and be rejected in His own time. When Jesus returns, many will be caught off guard, living normal lives like those in the days of Noah and Lot; Jesus' followers need to watch the signs and be ready.
In the next chapter, Luke continues the pattern of comparisons. A persistent widow receives justice from a corrupt judge. A tax collector shows more humble faith than a self-righteous Pharisee. Trusting children receive the kingdom of God while a devout ruler hesitates if it means losing his possessions. The section ends with Jesus, once again, warning the disciples of His coming death. The chapter ends with the healing of a blind beggar as Jesus travels through Jericho on His way to Jerusalem.