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Judges 1:10
ESV And Judah went against the Canaanites who lived in Hebron (now the name of Hebron was formerly Kiriath-arba), and they defeated Sheshai and Ahiman and Talmai.
NIV They advanced against the Canaanites living in Hebron (formerly called Kiriath Arba) and defeated Sheshai, Ahiman and Talmai.
NASB So Judah went against the Canaanites who lived in Hebron (the name of Hebron was previously Kiriath-arba); and they struck Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai.
CSB Judah also marched against the Canaanites who were living in Hebron (Hebron was formerly named Kiriath-arba). They struck down Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai.
NLT Judah marched against the Canaanites in Hebron (formerly called Kiriath-arba), defeating the forces of Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai.
KJV And Judah went against the Canaanites that dwelt in Hebron: (now the name of Hebron before was Kirjatharba:) and they slew Sheshai, and Ahiman, and Talmai.

What does Judges 1:10 mean?

This passage describes the next three phases of Judah's campaign to drive the Canaanites from their allotted territory in the Promised Land (Judges 1:4–9). The first phase begins here with the attack on Hebron, about 20 miles south of Jerusalem. The writer of Judges uses the ancient name of Hebron, Kiriath-arba, literally meaning "City of Four."

The author assumes readers will know Hebron has already been defeated by Caleb, as reported in Joshua 15:13–14. Caleb overcame the three descendants of Anak: Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai. The Anakites were famous for their size and power (Deuteronomy 9:2). Hebron and its surroundings had been given to Caleb as a reward for wholly following the Lord (Joshua 14:14).

Caleb was one of the original 12 spies, along with Joshua, sent into the Promised Land to make an estimation of Israel's enemies. Only he and Joshua insisted that, with the Lord's help, they could take possession of the land (Numbers 13). As a result, of those Israelis over 20 years old at the time, only Joshua and Caleb were allowed to enter the Promised Land, some 40 years later.
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