Exodus 20:10
ESV
but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the Lord your God. On it you shall not do any work, you, or your son, or your daughter, your male servant, or your female servant, or your livestock, or the sojourner who is within your gates.
NIV
but the seventh day is a sabbath to the Lord your God. On it you shall not do any work, neither you, nor your son or daughter, nor your male or female servant, nor your animals, nor any foreigner residing in your towns.
NASB
but the seventh day is a Sabbath of the Lord your God; on it you shall not do any work, you, or your son, or your daughter, your male slave or your female slave, or your cattle, or your resident who stays with you.
CSB
but the seventh day is a Sabbath to the Lord your God. You must not do any work—you, your son or daughter, your male or female servant, your livestock, or the resident alien who is within your city gates.
NLT
but the seventh day is a Sabbath day of rest dedicated to the Lord your God. On that day no one in your household may do any work. This includes you, your sons and daughters, your male and female servants, your livestock, and any foreigners living among you.
KJV
But the seventh day is the sabbath of the Lord thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates:
NKJV
but the seventh day is the Sabbath of the Lord your God. In it you shall do no work: you, nor your son, nor your daughter, nor your male servant, nor your female servant, nor your cattle, nor your stranger who is within your gates.
What does Exodus 20:10 mean?
When God established His covenant with Israel (Exodus 19:5–6; 20:1), He began with a set of fundamental rules. These are the Ten Commandments: the cornerstones of ancient Israel's government and culture. The first three commandments prohibited worship of other gods (Exodus 20:2–3), idols (Exodus 20:4–6), and disrespect to the Lord's name (Exodus 20:7). The fourth commands Israel to observe a day of rest after each six-day work week (Exodus 20:8–9). Later commands will cover relationships between fellow men (Exodus 20:12–17).This rule applies universally across Israel and to everyone in an Israelite home. The Lord specifies that this includes children and guests as well as animals. There are no loopholes for doing unnecessary work on the seventh day. Despite misunderstandings, this arrangement has never changed. The Sabbath is Saturday. However, the command was fulfilled with the rest of the old covenant (Hebrews 8:8–13) and was not repeated under the new covenant (Romans 14:5–6; Colossians 2:16–17).
Future generations of Israel would violate God's commandments, especially with respect to idolatry (Judges 2:16–19). This eventually resulted in the nation's utter defeat and humiliation into exile (Deuteronomy 28:49; 2 Chronicles 36:17–21). Those who returned seventy years later developed a strict system of rules and laws meant to prevent Israel from ever straying again. However, these were man-made traditions which often violated the purposes of the original laws (Mark 2:27; Matthew 12:3–5).
