What does Exodus 13:10 mean?

To maintain their memory of all God had done to free them from Egypt (Exodus 12:40–41), Israel was to observe Passover (Exodus 12:11) and the Feast of Unleavened Bread every year (Exodus 12:17). These were connected to the date of their liberation. At the time, this month was called Abib and was later known as Nisan. Because of the exodus from Egypt, this became the first month of the Hebrew calendar (Exodus 12:2).

This passage has focused so far on the Feast of Unleavened Bread (Exodus 13:6–7). This begins just after the Passover sacrifice, on the fourteenth day of the first month. This is based on a lunar calendar, so the precise dates vary; this is typically in late March to early April. The celebration ends on the twenty-first day of the month (Exodus 12:18). Israelites are to celebrate this as a way of honoring their rescue from harsh slavery (Exodus 1:11–14).

By the time of Jesus' earthly ministry, the entire week of remembrance was often referred to as "Passover." Jesus, His family, and His early followers participated in Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread (Matthew 26:17; Luke 2:41; John 2:23). Many details of Passover were meant to predict Jesus' sacrifice on that same day (Matthew 26:1–2; 1 Corinthians 5:6–8).