What does Philippians 4:9 mean?

Paul offers four ways in which he had offered teachings for his readers to follow. First, he referred to following the teachings he had given them in the past, prior to the writing of this letter. These are most likely the thoughts and ideas Paul himself had developed during his ministry.

Second, they are to follow what they had "received" from him. This probably also refers to Paul's teachings, with an emphasis on oral lessons and personal interaction. It is also likely a reference to ideas Paul had received from the Lord and perhaps the apostles (1 Corinthians 15:1–5), and in turn given to others.

Third, they are to follow what they had heard from Paul. Again, this likely included both his written and oral teachings. These would all have been considered equally authoritative.

Fourth, they are to follow what they had seen in Paul. Paul's example served as a living teaching tool to the Philippian believers. Previously, Paul had specifically asked his readers to mimic his approach (Philippians 3:17).

As usual, Paul's instructions are not merely meant to be known, or agreed to. They are meant to be put into action. The use of the Greek word prassete implies an ongoing, daily effort. This is not a one-time attempt or short-term effort to follow God. Those who followed Paul's advice can experience the incredible peace that comes from fellowship with God. Paul also uses the title "God of peace" in Romans 15:33; 16:20, and 1 Thessalonians 5:23. The only other place this phrase is found in the New Testament is Hebrews 13:20.