What does Ephesians 6:2 mean?

Paul again refers to the Torah, which is the first five books of the Old Testament. The commandment is originally found in Exodus 20:12, which states "Honor your father and your mother, that your days may be long in the land that the LORD your God is giving you."

Paul notes that, of the Ten Commandments, this instruction is the first which comes with an explicit consequence. The promise is that of a blessed, long life. Specifically, this is a promise to Israel. But, in a generic sense, this is a common sense truth which applies to everyone. Children who grow into disrespect and disobedience towards their parents usually have a much harder life. Learning to respect legitimate authority is key to personal success.

At the same time, Paul's instructions here will point out that parents have a responsibility to encourage obedience in their children, rather than frustrate them. Verse 4 will remind fathers that they need to raise their children with "discipline and instruction," but should be careful not to frustrate them by being petty or unfair.