What does Acts 22:26 mean?

The tribune is only trying to do his job. With the governor away in Caesarea Maritima, it is his responsibility to keep the peace in Jerusalem. Historically, this has been very difficult. When he first hears of a mob attacking a man on the temple mount, he asks witnesses what is going on, but everyone gives a different answer (Acts 21:31–34). When the victim—Paul—asks to address the mob, the tribune agrees, hoping he will reveal the reason for the attack (Acts 21:39–40). But either the tribune doesn't understand the cultural background of Paul's defense, or he doesn't understand Aramaic. The crowd rages again, and the tribune is no closer to an answer (Acts 22:1–22).

So, the tribune resorts to the traditional Roman practice of flogging the prisoner senseless until he tells the truth. Unfortunately, Paul reveals he is a Roman citizen. The tribune has already violated Paul's rights by chaining his wrists and tying him down (Acts 21:33; 22:25). Beating him without a conviction from a public hearing would be even more illegal.

Paul has faced this issue before, but this time he is ready. When he and Silas were arrested in Philippi, either they didn't think quickly enough, or they didn't have time to announce their Roman citizenship before they were beaten. The next morning, however, they forced the magistrates of the city to meet them at the prison and give a formal apology (Acts 16:22–39).