What does Judges 20:23 mean?
How does a nation respond to devastating defeat despite having everything necessary for victory? Eleven of Israel's tribes had not gone to battle on a whim. They investigated the crimes of Gibeah (Judges 19:22–28). They secured unity of purpose: to purge the evil found in the land (Judges 20:12–20). They even asked God which tribe should attack first, seemingly securing His approval (Judges 20:18).Still, by the end of the day, the first battle resulted in more than one in twenty Israeli soldiers killed. Then, as now, such a defeat would have been considered a major disaster. The soldiers were ready to try again, but the leaders of Israel once more insisted on approaching the Lord. They send another delegation to nearby Bethel, where the ark of the covenant sits.
This time, the leaders bring the question they seem to think should have been asked in the first place: Does God want them to war against their own brothers, at all. Their question here has less to do with strategy and more to do with purpose. The terrible defeat of the first day has them wondering if the Lord is with them in the fight.
God graciously answers once again, telling them to continue their campaign. He wants them to pursue this effort for justice.