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Acts 16:13
ESV And on the Sabbath day we went outside the gate to the riverside, where we supposed there was a place of prayer, and we sat down and spoke to the women who had come together.
NIV On the Sabbath we went outside the city gate to the river, where we expected to find a place of prayer. We sat down and began to speak to the women who had gathered there.
NASB And on the Sabbath day we went outside the gate to a riverside, where we were thinking that there was a place of prayer; and we sat down and began speaking to the women who had assembled.
CSB On the Sabbath day we went outside the city gate by the river, where we expected to find a place of prayer. We sat down and spoke to the women gathered there.
NLT On the Sabbath we went a little way outside the city to a riverbank, where we thought people would be meeting for prayer, and we sat down to speak with some women who had gathered there.
KJV And on the sabbath we went out of the city by a river side, where prayer was wont to be made; and we sat down, and spake unto the women which resorted thither.

What does Acts 16:13 mean?

Understandably, the early church is filled with "firsts." The church in Jerusalem was the first church (Acts 2:1–4). Cornelius and his household were the first large group of Gentiles to come to faith in Christ (Acts 10:44–48). The church in Syrian Antioch was the first to be home to large numbers of Gentiles (Acts 11:19–26).

The church in Philippi was the first church in Europe, and the first documented to start with a Gentile household, and the first that began with a woman.

In the time of the early church, Jews were scattered all over the Roman Empire. Some had traveled for business opportunities. Some had been enslaved by conquering armies. Romans quickly found out that as Jews strongly resisted working on the Sabbath and had quirky diets, they didn't make good slaves. Many Jews were freed wherever they happened to be.

Because of this, many cities had synagogues, including Salamis on the island of Cyprus (Acts 13:5), Pisidian Antioch (Acts 13:15), Iconium (Acts 14:1), Thessalonica (Acts 17:1), Berea (Acts 17:10), Athens (Acts 17:17), Corinth (Acts 18:4), and Ephesus (Acts 18:19). But not Philippi. It takes ten Jews to establish a synagogue, and the major city must have been content with a handful of women who met by the river to pray.

If Paul had followed his instincts, he would have gone to the district of Asia in the western third of modern-day Asia Minor to visit the great number of Jews in cities like Ephesus and Colossae. Barring that, he would have gone north to Chalcedon and Nicaea, two cities that go on to host councils that make significant contributions to Christian theology.

Instead, the Holy Spirit guides Paul's group to the Roman outpost of Philippi to one woman: Lydia (Acts 16:14). The church in Philippi thrives, becoming a generous partner in the spread of the gospel to other cities (Philippians 4:15–16).
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